• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
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    • 专利摘要:
    Equipment for teaching test of articulated reticular structures characterized by being removable and that the bars can be adjusted at any angle in the plane in which the assembly is made. The structural elements will be rigid bars in the case that they are subjected to compression efforts and flexible bars in the event that they are exposed to tensile stress, in this way it will be possible to know in a visual manner to what type of efforts the whole of the bars that make up said model. Furthermore, due to the use of fusible pins in the bars, it will be possible to verify which is the bar that suffers the greatest compressive stresses. Another object of the invention is a method of assembly of the equipment for the testing of articulated reticular structures. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2650620A1
    申请号:ES201600594
    申请日:2016-07-19
    公开日:2018-01-19
    发明作者:Manuel CABALEIRO NÚÑEZ；Diego SÁNCHEZ RAMA；José Carlos CAAMAÑO MARTÍNEZ
    申请人:Universidade de Vigo；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    EQUIPMENT AND METHOD FOR STRUCTURE TESTINGARTICULATED RETICULARS TECHNICAL SECTOR
    The following invention has its application in the field of training and allows us to analyze different structures of articulated bars in order to find out if their bars are in tension or compression, as well as the comparison, between said structures, in terms of the loads they can bear. STATE OF THE ART
    At present the use of structural test systems is the order of the day in the field of teaching. Its use is very common in the laboratories of technical careers schools.
    For these structural systems, there are different types of solutions to make the joint between bars, such as the use of adhesives, rivets, welding, etc. However, currently, the most used solution for structural connections of this type is by means of bolted connections.
    Analyzing the techniques currently on the market, it can be seen that there are shortcomings. The first of these would be that these joining systems would not allow the joining of bars with any angle between them. For example, based on the most widely used union system, by threading in solid spheres, and focusing on a plane, the union can only be made at as many angles as holes for the threading of bars can be made in the union ball. The second of the shortcomings to highlight would be that these systems use rigid elements, that is, rigid bars. In this way, it is not possible to visually appreciate, once we have finished assembling the structure, which elements or bars work under traction or compression.
    The main characteristic of this invention is a structural system that allows the joining of the bars at any angle. This joint will be removable and will be made by tightening, or also called, interference fit. On the other hand, it will not only consist of rigid bars like current systems, but rather rigid bars and cables will be available. Both elements will be adjustable and will allow us to play with a wide variety of models. The use of cables or bars will be restricted to whether the element is in tension or compression within the structural assembly. In addition, the bars subjected to compression will be provided with a fuse that will indicate the moment in which, in the bar, we exceed a certain value of axial force, thus allowing comparison in similar systems. DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
    The present invention refers to a kit for testing articulated lattice structures (Figure 17), with which a concrete example of the multiple possible variables is shown, comprising the following elements: junction nodes (1, Figure 1), internal rigid bar (8, Figure 2) and external rigid bar (7, Figure 2), shear pin (13, Figure 2) to regulate the length of the bars, union head for flexible bar (15, Figure 4) and for last of a support for loads (23, Figure 6).
    The main element would be the joint node (1, Figure 1) that consists of a cylindrical element with a concentric groove (6) with a T-section that allows the fastening of rigid bars or flexible bars (cables) in a 2D system and at any required angle. An opening (2) is provided for possible access to the concentric groove. On the sides of the piece there is a slot (3) whose function will be to allow the union between two articulated lattice structures 20 in order to be able to bracing them and form a 3D structure.
    The external rigid bar (7, Figure 2) hollow internally, consists of multiple holes (9) to make the length variation depending on the requirements of the model. This bar has at one end an oval shaped head (14) which allows anchoring to the knot. The internal rigid bar (8, Figure 2) consists of a hole (10) for adjusting the length. This bar has at one end an oval shaped head (14) equal to that of the outer rigid bar, which allows anchoring to the knot. The inner rigid bar (8) is inserted inside the outer rigid bar (7), so that the surface (11) slides on the (12) concentrically, thus allowing the regulation of the length of the assembly (Figure 3) . To fix both elements there is a fusible pin (13, Figure 2 and 3). This pin consists of an element according to the size of the holes in the bars. It has a low resistance to shear (for example, a very small diameter wooden dowel), in this way, in the event of certain stresses, it will break and this will allow us to make a comparison between similar systems. Furthermore, both bars, as already mentioned, are provided at one of their ends with the connection head (14) to make the connection by tightening the knot.
    The joint head for flexible bar (15, Figure 4) consists of a fastening system by means of a threaded element (16) with which the flexible bar (17) or the element that can fulfill its same function and work only with traction would be tied. . In this way, it can be verified if it works under traction or compression, since if they did it under compression it would not work. To make the tie, the flexible bar (17) is inserted through the hole (18) and it is fastened by means of the threaded element (16) which in this case consists of a hexagonal head screw (19) for a key. Allen. This bar has at one end an oval shaped head (14) equal to that of the outer and inner rigid bar, which allows anchoring to the knot. In (Figure 5) the complete assembly of a flexible bar can be seen.
    Finally, we have the load bearing (23, Figure 6) that is not part of the articulated lattice structure, but is important in the scope of the invention. This support allows to load the structure to generate forces in the structural elements. The shear forces generated in the pins (13) by the axial of the bars can cause the collapse of the structure due to shear failure of the pin. In this way we will be able to make the comparison, in terms of resistance, of several different models loaded with the same load and see which one would resist more for the same type of load. The load support consists of a hook (20) to allow the position of the loads to be moved in the structure. This hook leads to a base (21) on which the weights (22) would rest.
    Another object of the invention is a method of assembling the equipment for testing articulated lattice structures, as noted above, firstly, the 2D articulated lattice structure is assembled, characterized by the fixation of the outer rigid bars, inner rigid bars or flexible bars is made by tightening or interference fit of their oval shaped heads (14) in the concentric groove (6) with T-section of the knot (Figure 7). To explain how this system works in detail we turn to figure 7. First, it consists of inserting the head of the outer rigid bar, interior rigid bar or flexible bar in the concentric slot (6) through the opening (2), placing the bar in the desired position and make a 90 ° turn, applying a torque P1, clockwise, always in the position that we want to make the clamping. In this way, any movement of the hitch will be totally restricted. This action will be carried out with all the bars and cables used in the structure.
    Next, we will assemble the 3D bracing (bars with a secondary function in the structure to give the same 3D dimension, as shown in figure 8. To obtain a stable 3D three-dimensional articulated lattice structure, it is necessary to use the set formed by the outer bar and inner bar (Figure 3) to join both 2D articulated lattice structures, this is achieved by longitudinally joining the nodes that are part of each of the articulated lattice structures, always symmetrically (Figure 8). First the end of the bar is inserted through the longitudinal hole (3) of the node, it is turned 90 ° and supported, its exit being totally restricted.In (Figure 9) the fully defined bracing is shown.
    Finally, to complete the method and use, as indicated above, proceed to hang the load (s) in the desired place of the articulated lattice structure by means of the load support (23), in this way it will be possible to verify if the bars flexible work in tension and which is the most critical rigid bar. DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
    For an easy understanding of the invention the following figures are attached:
    o FIGURE 1: Perspective view and section of the joint knot.
    o FIGURE 2: Side view of the inner rigid bar, outer rigid bar, and the pin.
    o FIGURE 3: Perspective view of the assembly of the internal rigid bar, the external rigid bar and the fusible pin assembled in a determined position.
    o FIGURE 4: Perspective view of the joint head for flexible bar.
    o FIGURE 5: Perspective view of the complete flexible bar.
    o FIGURE 6: Perspective view of the weight support with load and without unloading.
    o FIGURE 7: Views and section of the clamping mechanism.
    o FIGURE 8: Views and section of the mechanism for joining the articulated lattice structures 20 to generate a 3D articulated lattice structure.
    5 or FIGURE 9: Perspective view of the fully defined bracing.
    o FIGURE 10: View step 1, initial bar-node union.
    o FIGURE 11: View step 2, completion of the assembly of the upper part of the compression articulated lattice structure (4 rigid bars).
    o FIGURE 12: View step 3, assembly of the 3 flexible bars interleaved 10 vertical.
    o FIGURE 13: Step 4 view, assembly of the lower part of the flexible tensile bars of the articulated lattice structure
    o FIGURE 14: View step 5, assembly of the 2 transverse rigid bars.
    o FIGURE 15: View step 6, assembly of connecting bars between structures
    15 articulated lattice 20 symmetrical to form an articulated bridge-like lattice structure.
    o FIGURE 16: View step 7, assembly of the symmetrical articulated lattice structure.
    o FIGURE 17: Step 8 view, example articulated lattice structure with 20 loads.
    o FIGURE 18: Complete view example 1, Pratt type articulated lattice structure.
    o FIGURE 19: Complete view example 2, inverted Howe type articulated lattice structure.
    o FIGURE 20: Complete view of example 3, cover-type articulated lattice structure. PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION
    Next, a description of the embodiment of the assembly of the invention is made with reference to the numbering adopted in the figures. The model chosen as an example is a 3D articulated lattice structure that consists, in turn, of two articulated lattice structures 20. The possible constructions are multiple, this articulated lattice structure is characterized by its assemblies with bars interspersed under compression and traction.
    Before beginning the description, we are going to introduce a new term "rigid bar" that consists of the set formed by the internal rigid bar, external rigid bar and the pin (Figure 3). In addition, it is specified that the assembly will be carried out on a horizontal plane without tightening or adjusting the elements by interference until all these are not in their final position.
    To begin the assembly (Figure 10), a joint is made between a rigid bar (31) and the knot (30). It is mounted with the necessary length using the appropriate drill (70, Figure 10) and being fixed with the shear pin (13). At the other end, the union would be made with another knot (32). A new bar (33) of length determined by the hole (72, Figure 11) starts from this new node at 1350 with respect to the bar (31) ending at the junction with the node (34). The assembly of the upper part would be completed (Figure 11). It is worth noting the use of only rigid bars in this area because the lattice acts as a beam and the upper part works under compression, the use of flexible bars being useless.
    Once we have the entire upper part of the lattice assembled, we proceed with the vertical interleaved assemblies, at the nodes (32, 34 and 36), the flexible bars (39, 41 and 43) hang, because they work under traction (Figure 12). They are placed in an upright position. At the other end of the flex bar,
    the joint head is fixed at new nodes (40, 42 and 44). The fixing of the heads for the flexible bar with the bar itself has been previously explained in (Figure 4).
    The next step is to complete the bottom line of the lattice, which corresponds to the part that works under tension (Figure 13). The 5 knots (31, 40,42, 44 and 38) are joined with the 4 flexible bars (45, 47, 49 and 51).
    To finish this example lattice, it is necessary to add two rigid transverse bars (53 and 55), which in this particular model work in compression, which join the nodes (40 and 44) with the node (34), these two forming an angle of 45 ° above the horizontal (Figure 14).
    Once the articulated lattice structure 20 is finished, all its nodes will be joined, in its longitudinal direction, with new nodes (130, 132, 134, 136, 138, 140, 142 and 144; Figure 15) by means of the 8 rigid bars. (60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66 and 67; Figure 15) with the length set by the drill (72). These bars are the bracing (bars with a secondary function in a structure). To explain the methodology of this type of joint, knot in the longitudinal axis, we refer to (Figure 8). In this way, a new articulated lattice structure symmetrical to the first would be generated, giving rise to the final stable three-dimensional articulated lattice structure (Figure 16). Finally, the load (s) would be hung in the desired place on the structure (Figure 17).
    Three larger examples have been added to see the variation in the stresses suffered by the structural elements when changing the design of the articulated lattice structure and to be able to check, in each structure, which bar
    or bars are those that resist higher stresses due to the rupture of the fuse pin of said bar. The process would consist of loading the structure to be tested until one of the pins breaks.
    (Figure 18) corresponds to a Pratt type articulated lattice structure that differs, from the example discussed in the explanation, in the opposite orientation of its transverse bars. This causes a modification in the work carried out by the elements that compose it, going from traction to compression and vice versa. It should be noted that there are elements that do not vary. In (Figure 19) a model of an articulated lattice structure is shown, like the one in the example model, but in contrast, this model works in an inverted way. As a result of this, the disposition of the efforts in the elements that compose it varies. The last example corresponds to (Figure 20) and it is an articulated lattice roof structure.
    权利要求:
    Claims (6)
    [1]
    1. Equipment for testing articulated lattice structures, characterized by comprising:
    -a set of various bars of adjustable length (24) composed of rigid bars (24) formed in turn by two bars, one inside (8) and the other outside (7) that are coupled to each other and fixed by means of a pin ( 13), and flexible bars (17); -a joining node (1) characterized by comprising a concentric groove with a T-section (6) which in turn has an opening (2) in its upper part that
    allows the attachment of the oval shaped heads (14) of the inner rigid bar (7), outer rigid bar (11) or flexible bar (17) in a system 20 at any angle; and on its side it has another central hole (3) that allows the joint between knot-knot and bracing them in order to form a 3D articulated lattice structure; - a joining head (15) for holding and joining the flexible bars (17); -Yun support for loads (23).
    [2]
    2. Equipment for testing articulated lattice structures, according to claim 1, characterized in that the internally hollow outer rigid bar (7) consists of several holes (9) that allow the variation of length and at one end a head (14) for fixing by means of tighten the connecting knot (1), while the inner rigid bar
    (8) has a single hole (10) for adjusting the length and at one end a connecting head (14) for fastening by tightening to the connecting knot (1).
    [3]
    3. Equipment for testing articulated lattice structures, according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the fusible pin (13) has a section according to the holes (9 and 10) of the set of rigid bars (24), and low resistance to shear that allows determining which bar suffers the greatest axial stress in each possible design of the articulated lattice structure.
    [4]
    Four. Equipment for testing articulated lattice structures, according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it comprises a clamping mechanism, and regulation of the length of the flexible bar (17), by means of a threaded element (19), through a hole ( 18), through which the flexible bar (17) is inserted, and at its end an oval-shaped head (14) protrudes that will allow it to be attached to the joint knot (1).
    [5]
    5. Equipment for testing articulated lattice structures, according to claim 1 in which the load support (23) characterized by comprising a hook (20) that allows moving the position of the loads in the structure, from which it derives in a base
    (21) on which the weights would rest (22).
    [6]
    6. Method of assembling the equipment for testing articulated lattice structures, according to previous claims, characterized by comprising the following steps: a) assembling the 2D articulated lattice structure which in turn comprises introducing the head of the outer rigid bar (7) , internal rigid bar (8) or flexible bar (17) in the concentric groove (6) through the opening (2) of the joint node (1), and then place the bar in the desired position and perform a 90 °, applying a torque P1, in a clockwise direction, in the position to which the clamping is desired, with any movement of the coupling being totally restricted; b) Assemble the bracing in order to obtain a 3D three-dimensional articulated structure, a set formed by an outer bar and an inner bar to join both 2D articulated lattice structures, which is achieved by means of the longitudinal union of the nodes that are part of each of the symmetrically articulated lattice structures for this, the end of the bar is inserted through the longitudinal hole
    (3) of the joint node (1), it is rotated 90 ° and supported, its exit being totally restricted; c) proceed to hang the load (s) in the desired place of the articulated lattice structure by means of the load support (23), in this way it will be possible to verify if the flexible bars work under traction and which is the most critical rigid bar .
    FIGURE 1
    9 7
    I 12
    ~ "b ~ o o o o o o (
    ~
    / or I ~
    ~ 1
    I I 10
    13 /
    FIGURE 2
    FIGURE 3
    FIGURE 4
    14 19 19 14
    / 17 ~
    ~~~ ------ ~ ¡---- ~ 16 ~
    FIGURE 5
    FIGURE 6
    W 14
    FIGURE 7
    or
    FIGURES
    •
    1-
    1-
    FIGURE 9
    FIGURE 10
    18
    34 35
    ~
    FIGURE 11
    FIGURE 12
    ! ! ! ! I
    31 40 42 44 38
    FIGURE 13
    FIGURE 14
    i i i i i
    142 144 138
    130 140
    FIGURE. fifteen
    twenty-one
    FIGURE 17
    FIGURE 18
    FIGURE 19
    2. 3
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    法律状态:
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